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What Is XHTML?

• XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
• XHTML is aimed to replace HTML
• XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01
• XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML
• XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application
• XHTML is a W3C Recommendation

XML was designed to describe data and HTML was designed to display data. By combining HTML and XML, and their strengths, we got a markup language that is useful now and in the future - XHTML.

HTML vs XHTML

• XHTML elements must be properly nested
• XHTML elements must always be closed
• XHTML elements must be in lowercase
• XHTML documents must have one root element

XHTML syntax rules :

• Attribute names must be in lower case
• Attribute values must be quoted
• Attribute minimization is forbidden

<input checked=”checked” />
<input readonly=”readonly” />
<input disabled=”disabled” />
<option selected=”selected” />

• The id attribute replaces the name attribute
• The XHTML DTD defines mandatory elements

All XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head and body elements must be present, and the title must be present inside the head element.

XHTML 1.0 specifies three XML document types: Strict, Transitional, and Frameset.

XHTML Strict DTD

Use this DTD when you want clean markup, free of presentational clutter. Use this together with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

XHTML Transitional DTD

Use this DTD when you need to use XHTML’s presentational features because your readers don’t have browsers that support Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

XHTML Frameset DTD

Use this DTD when you want to use frames!

resource :

 http://www.w3schools.com/xhtml/default.a…

 http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/